The following block diagram highlights the typical phases of the life cycle of a product. In the figure, '$P$', '$Q$', and '$R$' represent various possible scopes of analyses in life cycle assessment. Which of the following statements is true?

- ' $R$ ' represents cradle-to-grave analysis.
- $'P'$ represents cradle-to-gate analysis.
- ' $Q$ ' represents gate-to-grave analysis.
- ' $R$ ' represents gate-to-gate analysis.